How can code readability and maintainability be improved in PHP scripts, especially when dealing with complex database queries and output formatting?

To improve code readability and maintainability in PHP scripts, especially when dealing with complex database queries and output formatting, it's recommended to use object-oriented programming principles, separate concerns by breaking down the code into smaller functions or classes, and utilize proper naming conventions and comments. Additionally, consider using a PHP framework like Laravel or Symfony to streamline database interactions and output formatting. 

// Example of using object-oriented programming and breaking down code into smaller functions for improved readability and maintainability

class DatabaseHandler {
    private $connection;

    public function __construct($host, $username, $password, $database) {
        $this->connection = new mysqli($host, $username, $password, $database);
    }

    public function executeQuery($query) {
        return $this->connection->query($query);
    }

    public function formatOutput($result) {
        // Format output logic here
    }
}

// Example usage
$database = new DatabaseHandler('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database');
$query = "SELECT * FROM table";
$result = $database->executeQuery($query);
$output = $database->formatOutput($result);

Keywords

SQL injection PDO prepared statements MVC architecture code refactoring

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