How can classes or IDs in CSS be utilized to style and format text output in PHP?

To style and format text output in PHP using CSS classes or IDs, you can echo HTML elements with specific classes or IDs that are defined in your CSS stylesheet. This allows you to apply styling rules to the text output, such as changing the font size, color, alignment, or any other visual properties.

```php
<?php
echo '<p class="my-class">Styled text output</p>';
?>
```

In this example, the text "Styled text output" will be displayed with the CSS class "my-class" applied to it. You can then define the styling for this class in your CSS stylesheet to customize the appearance of the text.