How can CHMOD affect file operations in PHP?

CHMOD permissions in PHP can affect file operations by restricting or allowing certain actions on files, such as reading, writing, or executing. To solve any issues related to CHMOD permissions, you can use the `chmod()` function in PHP to set the appropriate permissions on the file before performing any file operations.

// Set the appropriate permissions on the file
chmod("example.txt", 0644);

// Perform file operations after setting permissions
$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
$data = fread($file, filesize("example.txt"));
fclose($file);

echo $data;