How can AJAX be utilized to enhance the functionality of automatically displaying associated values in PHP after selection in a dropdown?

When a user selects an option from a dropdown menu in PHP, AJAX can be utilized to dynamically fetch and display associated values without reloading the entire page. This can enhance user experience by providing real-time updates without causing any disruptions. By using AJAX, the selected option can trigger a server-side PHP script to retrieve the associated data and update the content on the page without needing a full page refresh.

```php
<!-- HTML code with dropdown menu and div to display associated values -->
<select id="dropdown">
  <option value="1">Option 1</option>
  <option value="2">Option 2</option>
</select>
<div id="associatedValues"></div>

<!-- JavaScript code to handle AJAX request and update associated values -->
<script>
document.getElementById('dropdown').addEventListener('change', function() {
  var selectedValue = this.value;
  
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (xhr.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
      if (xhr.status === 200) {
        document.getElementById('associatedValues').innerHTML = xhr.responseText;
      } else {
        console.error('Error: ' + xhr.status);
      }
    }
  };
  
  xhr.open('GET', 'get_associated_values.php?selectedValue=' + selectedValue, true);
  xhr.send();
});
</script>
```

In this code snippet, we have an HTML dropdown menu with options and a div element to display associated values. The JavaScript code listens for a change event on the dropdown menu, sends an AJAX request to a PHP script (get_associated_values.php) with the selected option value, and updates the content of the div with the response from the server. The PHP script should handle the logic to retrieve and return the associated values based on the selected option.