How can Ajax be utilized in PHP to handle form submissions and display error messages without refreshing the page?

To handle form submissions and display error messages without refreshing the page, you can use Ajax in PHP. By sending form data asynchronously to the server, you can validate it and return any error messages without reloading the entire page. This provides a smoother user experience and helps improve the overall performance of the website.

<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // Validate form data
    $errors = [];
    if (empty($_POST["username"])) {
        $errors[] = "Username is required";
    }
    
    // Return errors as JSON response
    header('Content-Type: application/json');
    echo json_encode($errors);
    exit;
}
?>