How can access control classes in PHP be designed to avoid dependencies on specific objects?

To avoid dependencies on specific objects in access control classes in PHP, we can utilize interfaces or abstract classes to define the contract that the specific objects must adhere to. This way, the access control classes can interact with any object that implements the defined interface or extends the abstract class, making the code more flexible and easier to maintain.

interface Accessible {
    public function hasAccess(): bool;
}

class AccessControl {
    public function checkAccess(Accessible $object) {
        if ($object->hasAccess()) {
            echo "Access granted.";
        } else {
            echo "Access denied.";
        }
    }
}

class User implements Accessible {
    public function hasAccess(): bool {
        // Check user's access rights
        return true;
    }
}

$user = new User();
$accessControl = new AccessControl();
$accessControl->checkAccess($user);