How can a PHP developer efficiently handle user permissions in a way that minimizes database queries for better performance?

One way to efficiently handle user permissions in PHP is to use caching mechanisms like Redis or Memcached to store the permissions once they are retrieved from the database. This way, subsequent requests for the same permissions can be served from the cache instead of querying the database each time, improving performance.

// Check if the permissions are already cached
$permissions = $cache->get('user_permissions_' . $userId);

// If not cached, query the database and store in cache
if (!$permissions) {
    $permissions = $db->query("SELECT * FROM permissions WHERE user_id = $userId");
    $cache->set('user_permissions_' . $userId, $permissions);
}

// Use the permissions as needed