How can a beginner effectively manage and control processes started by PHP scripts?

To effectively manage and control processes started by PHP scripts, a beginner can use functions like `exec()` or `shell_exec()` to run shell commands and control external processes. By using these functions, you can start, stop, and monitor processes from within your PHP script. 

// Example code to start a process using exec()
$command = 'php my_script.php';
exec($command);

// Example code to stop a process using exec()
$pid = 12345; // Process ID of the running script
exec("kill $pid");

// Example code to monitor a process using shell_exec()
$pid = 12345; // Process ID of the running script
$status = shell_exec("ps -p $pid");
echo $status;

Keywords

process management PHP scripts control system calls exec function

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