How can a beginner effectively learn PHP to create a forum without relying on pre-made solutions?

To effectively learn PHP to create a forum without relying on pre-made solutions, beginners can start by learning the basics of PHP programming language, including variables, loops, functions, and arrays. They can then move on to understanding how to interact with databases using PHP and SQL to store and retrieve forum data. Finally, beginners can practice building the forum functionality step by step, such as user registration, login, posting threads, and replies.

<?php
// Sample PHP code snippet to create a basic forum system

// Connect to the database
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "forum_db";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Create a table for storing forum threads
$sql = "CREATE TABLE threads (
    id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    content TEXT NOT NULL,
    user_id INT(6) UNSIGNED,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "Table threads created successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
}

// Close the database connection
$conn->close();
?>