Are there any specific PHP functions or methods that can be used to handle and display custom error messages effectively?

To handle and display custom error messages effectively in PHP, you can use the `trigger_error()` function along with custom error handling using `set_error_handler()`. By defining a custom error handler function, you can control how errors are displayed or logged in your application.

// Define custom error handler function
function customErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
    echo "<b>Error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br>";
    echo "Error on line $errline in $errfile<br>";
}

// Set custom error handler
set_error_handler("customErrorHandler");

// Trigger a custom error
trigger_error("This is a custom error message", E_USER_ERROR);