Are there any best practices for managing file permissions and access control in PHP applications?

One best practice for managing file permissions and access control in PHP applications is to use the `chmod()` function to set appropriate permissions on files and directories. This function allows you to specify the desired permissions using octal notation (e.g., 0644 for read and write permissions for the owner and read-only permissions for others). Additionally, it's important to validate user input and sanitize file paths to prevent directory traversal attacks.

// Set appropriate permissions on a file
$filename = 'example.txt';
$permissions = 0644; // Read and write permissions for the owner, read-only for others
chmod($filename, $permissions);