Are there any best practices for implementing a spam protection feature in a PHP comment system that does not require user registration?

Spam protection in a PHP comment system without user registration can be implemented by using techniques such as CAPTCHA, honeypot fields, and IP address filtering. CAPTCHA requires users to complete a challenge to prove they are human, while honeypot fields are hidden form fields that bots may fill out. IP address filtering can block known spam IP addresses.

// Check if the form was submitted
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // Check if the honeypot field is empty
    if (!empty($_POST["honeypot"])) {
        // This is likely a bot submission, handle accordingly
    } else {
        // Implement CAPTCHA verification here
        // Implement IP address filtering here
        // Process the comment submission
    }
}