Are there alternative methods to determine if an email has been read without using a tracking pixel?

Tracking pixels are commonly used to determine if an email has been read, but they can raise privacy concerns and be blocked by email clients. An alternative method to track email opens is by using unique URLs for each recipient and logging when those URLs are accessed. This method can provide similar tracking capabilities without relying on tracking pixels.

// Generate a unique URL for each recipient
$recipient_email = 'recipient@example.com';
$unique_url = 'https://example.com/tracking.php?email=' . urlencode($recipient_email);

// Log when the unique URL is accessed
if (isset($_GET['email']) && $_GET['email'] === $recipient_email) {
    // Log the email open event
    $log_file = 'email_logs.txt';
    $log_entry = date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . ' - Email opened by ' . $recipient_email . PHP_EOL;
    file_put_contents($log_file, $log_entry, FILE_APPEND);
}

// Send the email with the unique URL
// This URL should be embedded in the email content