Are there alternative methods, such as JavaScript or ActiveX, that can be used to retrieve Windows user information?

To retrieve Windows user information using PHP, you can use the `COM` class to interact with the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) service. This allows you to query various system information, including user details. Alternatively, you can use LDAP to retrieve user information from Active Directory if your server is part of a domain.

$wmi = new COM('winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}//./root/cimv2');
$users = $wmi->ExecQuery('SELECT * FROM Win32_UserAccount');

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo 'Username: ' . $user->Name . '<br>';
    echo 'Full Name: ' . $user->FullName . '<br>';
    echo 'SID: ' . $user->SID . '<br>';
    echo '<br>';
}